虽然标准的骨关节炎（OA）治疗如  非甾体类抗炎药（NSAIDs）和物理治疗有助于缓解疼痛和僵硬，但是患者可以采取开箱即用的措施来进一步缓解症状。我们回顾了3种具有一定科学证据的独特OA治疗方法。

1.喝牛奶

根据2014年关节炎护理与研究的一项研究，不仅牛奶是营养的良好来源，它还可能减缓膝OA的进展  。1

研究人员收集了2148名膝关节OA患者的饮食和健康数据，并进行了4年的年度X光检查以测量股骨内侧和胫骨之间的宽度。他们发现，增加牛奶消费与女性膝关节OA进展缓慢相关。在男性中，只有那些摄入最多牛奶（每周≥7杯）的人才会降低OA进展的风险。

研究人员指出，由于该研究的观察性质 - 他们没有随机分配牛奶摄入量 - 他们无法证明因果关系。然而，他们注意到控制与饮食和OA相关的大多数已知风险因素。

2.薰衣草精油

2016 年临床实践补充疗法研究  表明，薰衣草精油的芳香疗法按摩可以减轻膝OA患者的疼痛。2

在一项单盲研究中，90名膝关节OA患者被随机分配到3组：干预组接受薰衣草精油的芳香疗法按摩，安慰剂组接受杏仁油按摩，对照组接受杏仁油按摩接受按摩。参与者在基线，干预后立即以及干预后1周和4周进行评估。薰衣草组在干预后立即显示出最大的改善，其次是杏仁油组。只有薰衣草组在1周内显示出显着的改善; 然而，干预后4周没有持续效果。

太极拳

太极拳是一种优雅的运动形式，可以  减轻纤维肌痛的疼痛。研究人员认为它可能在OA中具有类似的效果。

在2013年PLOS One的荟萃分析中  ，研究人员回顾了348例OA患者的7项随机临床试验。他们发现太极拳有助于改善关节炎和身体机能的症状。然而，他们警告说，需要进行更大规模的随机对照试验来研究其长期影响。3

三年后，研究人员调查了太极拳与膝关节OA物理疗法相比的疗效。该研究发表在  Annals of Internal Medicine上，随访了204例年龄≥40岁的OA患者。参与者被随机分配到太极训练和标准物理治疗课程。研究人员发现两组的身体功能都有类似的改善。然而，太极拳组的生活质量有所改善，抑郁症症状减轻。4

参考

1. Lu B，Driban JB，Duryea J，et al。 牛奶消耗和内侧胫骨股骨膝关节骨性关节炎的进展：来自骨关节炎倡议的数据。 关节炎护理Res。2014; 66（6）：802-809。

2. Nasiri A，Mahmodi MA，Nobakht Z.  薰衣草精油芳香疗法按摩对膝关节骨性关节炎患者疼痛的影响：一项随机对照临床试验。 补充Ther Clin Pract。2016; 25：75-80。

3. Yan JH，Gu WJ，Zhang WX，Li BW，Pan L.  太极拳对骨关节炎患者疼痛，僵硬和功能的疗效：荟萃分析。 PLoS One。2013; 8（4）：e61672。

4. Wang C，Schmid CH，Iversen MD，et al。 太极拳与膝关节骨性关节炎物理治疗的比较效果：一项随机试验。 Ann Intern Med。2016; 165（2）：77-86。

翻译源于网站翻译，英文原稿:

3 Unique Arthritis Treatments That May Help Relieve Pain

Tom Greenhalgh

While standard osteoarthritis (OA) treatments such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physical therapy are instrumental in easing pain and stiffness, there are out-of-the-box measures your patients can take to further alleviate their symptoms. We review 3 unique OA treatments that have some scientific evidence.

1. Drinking Milk

Not only is milk a good source of nutrients, it might slow the progression of knee OA, according to a 2014 study in Arthritis Care & Research.1

Researchers collected diet and health data on 2148 women and men with knee OA and performed annual radiographs for 4 years to measure the width between the medial femur and tibia. They found that increased consumption of milk was correlated with slower progression of knee OA in women. In men, only those who consumed the most milk (≥7 glasses per week) saw a reduced risk of OA progression.

The researchers noted that, due to the observational nature of the study – they did not randomly assign milk intake groups – they couldn’t prove causation. However, they noted controlling for most known risk factors associated with diet and OA.

2. Lavender Essential Oils

A 2016 study in Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice showed that aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oils may relieve pain in patients with knee OA.2

In a single-blind study, 90 patients with knee OA were randomly assigned to 3 groups: an intervention group that received an aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil, a placebo group that received a massage with almond oil, and a control group that did not receive a massage. Participants were evaluated at baseline, immediately following intervention, and 1 and 4 weeks after intervention. The lavender group showed the greatest improvement immediately after intervention, followed by the almond oil group. Only the lavender group showed significant improvement by 1 week; however, the effects were not sustained 4 weeks after intervention.

3. Tai Chi

A graceful form of exercise, tai chi has been shown to reduce pain in fibromyalgia. Researchers believe it may have similar effects in OA.

In a 2013 meta-analysis in PLOS One, researchers reviewed 7 randomized clinical trials of 348 patients with OA. They found tai chi to be beneficial in improving symptoms of arthritis and physical function. However, they cautioned that larger scale, randomized controlled trials are necessary to investigate its long-term effects.3

Three years later, researchers investigated the efficacy of tai chi compared with physical therapy for knee OA. The study, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, followed 204 patients aged ≥40 years with OA. Participants were randomly assigned to tai chi training and standard physical therapy sessions. The investigators found similar improvement in physical functioning in both groups. However, the tai chi group showed greater improvement in quality of life and reduced symptoms of depression.4

References

1. Lu B, Driban JB, Duryea J, et al. Milk consumption and progression of medial tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Arthritis Care Res. 2014;66(6):802-809.

2. Nasiri A, Mahmodi MA, Nobakht Z. Effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil on pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;25:75-80.

3. Yan JH, Gu WJ, Zhang WX, Li BW, Pan L. Efficacy of tai chi on pain, stiffness and function in patients with osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61672.

4. Wang C, Schmid CH, Iversen MD, et al. Comparative effectiveness of tai chi versus physical therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165(2):77-86.